Internal combustion engine



March 14, 1933. P. BELYAVIN INTERNAL CoMBUsTloN ENGINE V Filed Jan. 27,1930 PHL/L BELynw/Y.

INVENTOR BMJ@ ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 14, 1933 UNITED. gsrarus PATENT yrAUL BELYAVIN, oF LONDONENGLAND iurnnnencomnusarolv ENGINE Application"mea January 27, l1930, seriaim. 423,823, ampia. Great Britain Januari;28,'1e29.

My invention relates'broadly to internal combustion engines and moreparticularly to fuel injection valves therefor. -1

, An object of the invention is to provide 5 for the injection of fuelinto thev cylinderof an internal combustion engine and its pulverizationby mechanical means without th assistance of compressed air. v

,1 Another object of the invention contemconsiderable part of thekinetic energy of fuel delivered lto the valve vunder high pressureessentialfor efficientV pulverization, is.

lost while the fuel lis being Wredrawn when passing through the seat ofthe spring-loaded valve. i'

To overcome these existingdisadvantages of the present fuel injectionvalves various modified types of fuel injection devices have beenintroduced, some of which are provided with aspring-loadedplunger'acting as an accumulator of pressure, and a valveoperated by mechanical means. Injection valves of this type pulverizethe fuel more efficiently and give better fuel consumption. However,their. serious drawbacks are two-fold a very complicated construction,andthe necessity of having some'mechanical means to operate thevalve. Y

It is a further object of the present invention to overcome'the abovedisadvantages by providing an accumulator plunger that is used'both formaintaining a constant pressure and for operating the valve.

The invention. consists essentially of a plates the provision of a fuelinjection valvev the time, but bounces up and down, follow-V ing thev,variation in pressure. In addition, a

spring-loaded plunger andV asmall needle valve eitherl attached to theend of the plunger or independent thereof, and capable'of. movementrelative to the plunger along its axis. v The needlevalve is kept inpositionby two springs acting ink opposite directions to each other, oneof which is `alternately compressed or released by the plunger.

With the above and other objects in fview the invention consists in theconstruction,

combination, and arrangement of parts as n will be described more fullyhereinafter; f ection vvalves Vused Reference is to be had to theaccompanying l ,drawing lforming a part of this specification Y -inwhich like reference characters indicate v 4corresponding partsthroughout. the several views, and in which Y 1- a Figure 1l is acrosssectional vview through the fuel injection valve of an-internalfcombustion engine, and e i f Y Figure `2 is'a fragmentarycross sectional view of a slightly modified" form of injection valve. f

Referring more particularly to Figure l' of the drawing 5 indicates aspring-loaded 75 plunger acting as an accumulator` of pres' sure.v Thisaccumulator lplunger has reciprocal movement` through a bushing orvgland 6 arranged in the fuelv valve body or housing 7 into whichfuel issupplied under pres- 80A sure through'pipe 8. `A needle valve 9 ismounted in a hollow end-of the laccumulator Y plunger so as to havefreedom*4 of movement therein, ports 4 being provided inthe plunger 5for admittingfuel'pressure to the vtop of 85 the valve 9. y'The needlevalve is kept'jin yposition by two springs 10 and: 11, each acting onthe needle valve in opposite directions, whilst the pressure ofthe fuelacting on the upper end of the needle valve 'tends to keep 90 itvclosed. Whenthe fuel pumpl (not shown) delivers fuel to the valve, thepressure there rises, and the accumulator plunger begins to move outwardcompressing spring 12, that normally holds the plunger in'itsinnermostposition keeping the needle valve on its seat.4 During thefirst part of the plunger stroke, the needle valve 9, which is acting asan v,inj ection valve proper, remains closed, and-1s kept on-its 100' ot (al,

seaty as explained. VVhile the plunger is 'moving and the' needle valveis still closed,

spring 10, acting on the needle valve,isbeing gradually released, andthe spring 1l more compressed. This continues until a cup shaped member13, mounted on the inner end of the plunger, comes into contact.: with ai shoulder l4;on thea-needlev valve, when further movement of theplunger lifts the needle valve from its seat, and the injection fuel Athrough the orifices 2l begins. v

' The openmgof the needle lvalve instantly releases theload thereon dueto internal pressure, whichiwill then become statically jbal- Y anced,acting equally on both 'ends ofthe v valve. This istrue because thefuelpressure Y in the valve penetrates kunder the valve seat,

Lthis lbalancing the pressure on the other end of the valve. 4'When the'needle valve isk seated,xthe pressure ofjfuel in the injector pressesthe needle valve to its seat.k This .load being released, spring 11,that was compressed due to the outward movement of the accumulatorplunger, instantly lifts the valve.

further away from its seat,A thus leaving V.the l passage' for' thefuelAv through the valve seat' absolutely free,andleaving theaccumulator'. vplunger plentyof latitudeto move in and' out. withoutobstructing the fuel passage'by shutting the Valve 9. The large spring12 must, of `course,be ,strongertlianeither of the springs 10 and '11.kVInjection pressure is regulated byv tightening onreleasingV spring V12bya nut 15 kacting on Washer 16 interposed between it and the spring.. Lf Y, When thevpressurefin the injection valve is .released due-to thedelivery pump (not shown) action,l the accumulator plunger i Y 'dropsdown instantlygthe adjustable washers .On its'waydown it presses thevalve 9011 to its seat through the medium of spring l0.

17 determiningits final position whenatrest.

l V- .-Thefleak-off is f provided `through outlets Y .18and 19,' and 2Oindicates the priming valve l that ismounted in the 'housing' 7.

, g In the mod'fied form illustrated `in `Figure v 2:the-needle valve 97is not mounted in the Lhollow end of -thefplunger 5, asis the caseinfFigureLbut is free to Ymove ina guide` "member 22.' Theneedlegvalvehas an enlarged head2?) against which the upper end of springf 1lbears,v the lower end of such Aspringll bearing on a shoulder on theguide member. Spring. 10 lbears against the outer side of rvthe-enlargedhead 23 anda- Washer 24 encircling the reduced end of'thegacc-umula'tor,plungenj ,The needle Valveis kept in position 'by the action'ofspringslt)v and 11, the pressure of' the fuel on the upper end-of 4theneedle valvetending to'keep it closed. lIn this type of valve springllmust vbe sufii-k iciently strong' to lift; the," needle vvalve4 fromits: seat againstvthe load due tointernalfpressure as soon as thev loadon spring lOis re- -nleased due tov theoutward movement of the Havingdescribed my inven eseat, and; a springforvv lifting said valvewhenVVthe-'tension ofthesaid first spring is lessened. Y 3.: In an.inter-nal Ycor'nbustion engine, a

-able uponthe valve to openstheysame accumulator plunger. Also as in thebefore mentioned type, as soon as the valve 9 lifts,

v'15 "'bodiment' ofmy invention and that various 'l minorchangesindetails of constructiomproj' "portion, and' arrangement of parts may bemade within the scopeof the appended claims and'iwithout sacrificing anyof the advantages of my invention; i v

claimis: i l; In an internal combustion 1- engine, a fuell injectionvalve including a Y pressure accumulator arranged to be.' reciprocatedby the rise infuel pressure, a needle valvev normally held closed bysaid accumulator, [and aspringefor lifting said valve-when the pressurethereon'isrelieved byinovement ofthe Y `pressure accumulator."k f Y 2.Inan internal combination-engine, an injection valve,A fo'rfu'el;vincludlng a spring- Lloaded 'plungerl arranged `to L be reciprocated bythe rise in fuel pressure havinga hollow end, a needle;valvemountedinVsaid' end, an Y eXpansi-ble spring, the tensionfof .which is s adaptedtov bel lessened' bymovement of the plunger,` for holding the'needlevalvefon its fuel injection valvefinc'luding a spring-loaded plungerarranged to be reciprocatedby held closed bythe plunger, and a springoperthe plunger is-remo-veditherefrom. Y i Y 4, Infan internalcombustionengine, a fuel injection valve ineludinga plunger arranged tobe reciprocated by the rise in fuel pressure during the injection periodandactingas .an

the rise in fuel -'pressure,l a valve normally *1,05

when

accumulatorof pressure, a needle .valve nor- V*mally held closed.v by:fthe saidfplunger, al spring for soholding the needlevalve, and` aspringfor-lifting 4the needle yvalvey olf its sea-t when lpressure ofthe accumulator vplunger is totally or partially removed there? .from'-5,l In an internal combustion engine. a fuel Y injection' .valveincludingy a springzloade'd plunger arranged to be reciprocated byjtherisev in fuel pressureQa valve normally held if closed by said plunger,means whereby said fuel pressure is adapted to Vact on the outer endofsaid valve, anday spring opera-ble en said valveso that when said valvehas be` `gun to open as a resultof reciprocation under pressure ofsaidplunger and the fuel pressure loads on thevalve thereby become les' ' infuel pressure7 a needle valve normally held closed by said accumulator,means whereby the outer end of said valve is subjected to fuel pressure,and a spring such that when said valve has just begun to open as aresult of reciprocation under pressure of said accumulator, the valve isjumped by said spring to full-open position on the balancing of theaxial fuel pressure loads on the valve.

7 In an internal combustion engine, an injection valve for fuelincluding a spring loaded plunger arranged to be reciprocated by therise in fuel pressure and having a hollow end, a needle valve mounted insaid end, an expansible spring adapted to hold said valve on its seatand to have its tension lessened by movement of said plunger, meanswhereby the upper end of said valve is subjected to fuel pressure, and aspring such that whenever said valve and its seat break Contact as theresult of the movement of said plunger and the axial fuel pressure loadson the valve are thereby balanced, said spring causes said valve to jumpto a full open position.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a fuel injection valve including apressure accumulating plunger arranged to be reciprocated by the rise infuel pressure, a needle valve operable thereby, means whereby the upperend of said valve is subjected to fuel pressure, a resilient memberarranged between said plunger and one side of said needle valve toassist in seating said valve, and a second resilient member on the otherside of said valve such that, when said plunger reciprocates underpressure, it reduces the pressure of said first resilient member on saidvalve, and said second resilient member thereby raises said valve out ofcontact with its seat, whereupon the upward fuel pressure load on saidj* valve becomes thereby equal to the downward fuel pressure loadthereon, and said second resilient member then causes said valve at oncet0 jump to a fully open position. f Y

9. In an internal combustion engine, a fuel injection valve including apressure yaccumulating plunger arranged to be reciprocated by the risein fuel pressure, a needle valve operable thereby, means whereby theupper end of said valve is subjected to fuel pressure, a spring arrangedbetween said plunger and one side of said needle valve to assist inseating said valve, a second spring on the other side of said valve, andmeans on said plunger such that, when said plunger has been reciprocatedunder pressure and the lpressure exerted by said firstv spring on saidvalve has been reduced,l said means comes into contact with said valvesoas positively to lift said valve 0E its seat, whereupon Athe axialfuel pressure loads on the valve become balanced and said second springcauses said valve at once to jump to a fully `open position.

PAUL yBEIJrAvIN. 'f f vso

